These are mostly loanwords from Spanish that were later adapted into Tagalog, so remembering them would probably be easy for those who can understand a bit of Spanish.
They go as follows:
Lunes = Monday
Martes = Tuesday
Miyerkules = Wednesday
Huwebes = Thursday
Biyernes = Friday
Sabado = Saturday
Linggo = Sunday
Week = Linggo
Months:
Enero = January
Pebrero = February
Marso = March
Abril = April
Mayo = May
Hunyo = June
Hulyo = July
Agosto = August
Setyembre = September
Oktubre = October
Nobyembre = November
Disyembre = December
Taon = year
Dekada = decade
Siglo = Century
Milenyo = Millenium
Usage Note:
When talking about the days of the week, we usually use Tagalog, but for the months and years, we usually use English, although when it comes to textbooks and similar materials, the use of Tagalog is still often prioritized.
Anyway, those are the basics. As always, should you have any questions, feel free to ask. (^_^)